Profiling sectoral risks of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa for the first decade of the 21st century

Abstract

Despite Africa’s strong foreign direct investment (FDI) performance since 2000, the majority of FDI inflows have been directed to a few selected countries. As investors face many risks when investing in developing countries, it is argued that risk perception plays a vital role in the FDI inflows into Africa. This article focuses on the relationship between risk and FDI. A structural equation model is used to analyse this relationship with a dataset of ten risk categories and FDI data from 42 African countries. The study focuses on four sectors, namely metals, automotive, communications and real estate. Overall, results indicate that government effectiveness and legal and regulatory risks produce the biggest concern for investors. The conclusion is that each sector’s risk pattern regarding FDI differs. The most important empirical results indicated that African countries should focus more on government effectiveness, stability and transparency to attract the levels of FDI required to stimulate economic growth.